Challenger+Tragedy,+Christa+McAuliffe--7th

Home  media type="youtube" key="j4JOjcDFtBE" height="283" width="378" Civil Society Defined Great Man Continuum

1980's Topics 7th Period 1980's Topics 8th Period Challenger Tragedy, Christa McAuliffe Created by Emily Miller INSERT MULTIMEDIA OF YOUR TOPIC--BOTH ASSOCIATION AND INDIVIDUAL Imbed Photos (click FILE), Video (click Widget); Make a Glog (Instructions for Glog);

Task One--DESCRIBE YOUR TOPIC ---Due Monday, March 12th  On January 28, 1986 the space shuttle //Challenger// blew up after 73 seconds after lift off killing seven crewmembers and American citizens hope in NASA. It was an unusually cold morning in Cape Canaveral Florida when the //Challenger// launched and thirty –seven seconds later crashed. Before the crash, the //Challenger// had successfully carried out nine missions and was determined to carry out one more mission, according to //Challenger Explosion// and article on ABC-Clio, in despite of, “pleas to cancel the launch by NASA engineers who suspected a faulty booster-joint.” These pleas were ignored, however, according to Bruce J. Evensen an author, because “Americans believe(ed) that shuttles were immune to the dangers of space flight.” The engineers who were reluctant to launch the //Challenger// were right; Lisa M. Reed an Air Services manager states, “ hot gases burned through one of the boosters and into the external fuel tank, igniting the liquid oxygen and hydrogen.” The tragedy of the //Challenger// will forever remain a reason for American citizens to doubt NASA. After the tragedy, many things changed because of the lives lost and doubt in NASA. All seven crewmembers in the //Challenger// were killed and many citizens shocked to see the shuttle hurtle towards earth after they were told that space shuttle missions were safe. On board of the //Challenger// was, “ a New Hampshire schoolteacher, Sharon Christa McAuliffe, had been chosen to be the first private citizen to fly in the shuttle” (Evensen). The loss of McAuliffe touched all citizens especially the students and loved ones who were privileged to be in McAuliffe’s life. Space shuttles were thought of as an “e conomical way for the United States to explore space, as parts of the crafts could be returned to Earth and reused”(ABC-Clio). This guarantee by NASA made citizens feel reassured about safe travel. After the crash, citizens began to doubt NASA and even after the safe launch of the shuttle //Discovery,// “NASA’s reputation never fully recovered” (ABC-Clio). The //Challenger// tragedy brought citizens together with the mourning of loved ones and also with the uneasiness towards NASA.

Works Cited:

"// Challenger // explosion." // American Government //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

Evensen, Bruce J. "Challenger Disaster." // Dictionary of American History //. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 101-102. // Gale Student Resources In Context //. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

Reed, Lisa M. "disasters in spaceflight." // Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

**Task One Rubric **
 * Support the main idea in each paragraph with evidence from a minimum of  3  credible sources,
 * Select only signed sources from the LC databases--each source must have a credible author.
 * Establish the credibility of the author the first time a source is referenced.
 * Credit sources with internal citations and in a Works Cited.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Insert the Works Cited listing the three sources after the Third Task.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Post the paragraphs to the wiki March 12th. Timely posts of complete assign = 10 points. Task One = 50 points

<span style="background-color: #9008b6; color: #00ffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;">__Task Two--EVALUATE YOUR TOPICS INFLUENCE--Due March 15th__ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 19px; text-align: left;">Please write two extended power paragraphs which each cite a minimum of 3 sources: two new ones and any of the three sources used in Task One. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 19px; text-align: left;">** PROMPT: Discuss the scope of influence of your topic on the 1980s. How extensive was the influence? Which part of society was influenced? Did the change endure or stimulate additional changes? What is the topic's legacy? What impact did the topic have in the Twenty-First Century. ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: left;">Please write two extended power paragraphs to address this prompt. NASA, the association involved with the //Challenger// tragedy, had both a positive and negative effect on society. The accomplishments NASA was able to achieve sparked nationalism in American citizens, however, the disasters NASA made also made society question whether or not their funding was going to the right place. NASA was made when the Soviet Union sent //Sputnik,// a satellite, into space; this started a competition between the Soviet and American’s. When the Soviet Union beat the US by launching Yuri Gagarin into earth’s orbit, however, according to author Charles P. Cozic, America responded by making, “Glenn the first American to orbit the earth, doing so three times before returning safely to base.” America was just getting started, on July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first two men to walk on the moon, and in the words of Roger D. Launius curator of the Planetary Exploration Programs, putting, “the United States firmly ahead of the Soviets in the space race.” However, in the 1970s, NASA chose to not pursue space exploration for the next several years due to, “budgetary problems in the federal government and a recession of the national economy”(Cozic). The United States lost interest in NASA without any new explorations and while the US was resting the Soviets built space stations. NASA will always be one of the most controversial associations due to public criticism.

After the crash of the space shuttle the //Challenger,// society was affected in a negative way. Collectively, the nation mourned the loss of the members on board, especially mother and teacher Christa McAuliffe, and the nation began to think skeptically towards NASA. The loss of McAuliffe shook up the nation and was felt by everyone, McAuliffe was going to space to spread feminine empowerment and, according to her obituary, “to conduct lessons from space via television hook-up with classrooms across the nation.” The relationship between the American public and NASA was marred after the investigation for the tragedy came out, ”revealed[ing] a history of design failures, cost overruns, delays, mismanagement, and the sacrifice of safety measures”(ABC-Clio). In addition to citizens skepticism, when //Columbia,// another space shuttles, was landing on February 1, 2003 and, “approximately 16 minutes from landing, //Columbia// had broken apart, killing all seven crew members”(Reed). NASA’s reputation in the eyes of the American public would always fully depend on the success of their missions.

Works Cited: "// Challenger // explosion." // American Government //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

"Christa McAuliffe." // Newsmakers //. Detroit: Gale, 1985. // Gale Student Resources In Context //. Web. 14 Mar. 2012.

Evensen, Bruce J. "Challenger Disaster." // Dictionary of American History //. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 101-102. // Gale Student Resources In Context //. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

"Neil Armstrong." // Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.

Reed, Lisa M. "disasters in spaceflight." // Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

"space exploration." // American Government //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left;">
 * Support the main idea in each paragraph with evidence from the 2 new sources, as well as one of the credible sources used in Task One. Each paragraph must cite 3 different sources--2 new, 1 old.
 * Select only signed sources from the LC databases--each source must have a credible author.
 * Establish the credibility of the author the first time a source is referenced. If you credited the source in Task One, you do not need to reestablish credibility, only an internal citation is required.
 * Credit sources with internal citations and in a Works Cited
 * Insert the two news sources in the Works Cited. Make sure all 5 sources are in alphabetical order.
 * Post the paragraphs to the wiki. Timely posting of completed tasks earn 10 points. Task One = 50 points.

<span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #9008b6; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left;">Task Three--JUDGE THE IMPACT OF THE INDIVIDUAL & ASSOCIATIO --Due Mar. 19th <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;">Now that you have a basic understanding of your topic and know the scope of its influence, explain the forces that produced or created the topic. Additionally, identify the driving forces behind the society's reaction to your topic? Use the criteria described in the the **Great Man Continuum** to determine your topics long-run influence on society. Place your topic on the continuum and justify the reasons for your placement. Please confine your analysis to two extended power paragraphs with each one citing a minimum of 3 credible sources. <span style="background-color: #ffff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">Encyclopedic sources are not acceptable for this task. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;">**PROMPT: Explain the forces that produced or created your topic. Use the four criteria of the Great Man Continuum to analyze the topic's long-run significance in American society. Specifically, (1) describe the significance of the accomplishment, (2) the endurance of the legacy, (3) extent of the topics influence, and** **(4) impact on daily life of people then and now.** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> The significance of the //Challenger// tragedy was the skepticism it started in American citizens that would last until NASA regained the citizen’s trust. American’s trust in NASA was flourishing when NASA announced shuttle launches that were guaranteed to be safe compared to other space explorations. Many citizens believe that, according to David Masci a CQ Researcher who specializes in social policy, religion, and foreign affair, “the space agency [NASA] is not focused enough on safety and its decision making processes are flawed.” The reason for the //Challenger’s// explosion was a faulty O-ring, O-rings are, “ the problematic gasket between the rocket boosters and the fuel tank that became brittle in colder temperatures”(Masci). Many citizens criticize NASA for letting the shuttle to launch on a day where temperatures were below freezing due to NASA’s knowledge of the O-ring. Fortunately, “America breathed a sigh of relief when the space shuttle //Discovery// successfully launched on September 29, 1988” (ABC-Clio). Even through NASA’s redemption of the successful //Discovery// launch, their reputation with society was not recovered with it. The //Challenger// tragedy influenced all of society and NASA to work on perfecting their work. It was not just the families of the lost loved ones who felt the burn of the //Challenger// tragedy but all citizens mourned the losses. Through the criticism of the public, NASA felt the guilt of the lost lives and worked on improving their safety strategies for the next flight. After the disaster, NASA worked on improving its poor engineering and management, “prompting hundreds of designs and procedural changes costing $2.4 billion”(Evensen). After NASA had cleaned up their act, many new technologies that benefit life on earth such as, according to Scott Horowitz a NASA astronaut, “ satellites that support communication, navigation, weather observation, other remote-sensing disciplines, high-performance computing and robotics, scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses, and breast cancer imaging.” NASA wouldn’t of been able to obtain these accomplishments without the funding and support of society. Astronaut Scott Horowitz states, “I believe that the growing spirit of collaboration, linked to the growing number of nations and organizations involved in space and the increasing scope of global space activity, will provide the framework required for even greater accomplishments.” It’s clear that for NASA to accomplish more they’re always going to need the criticism and support from citizens collaborating to build bigger and better things in the future. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">I put NASA as an eventful hero because space exploration can either fail or succeed. When it succeeds, society rejoices because of its advance and the future advances it will be able to make, however, when it fails it leaves many heartbroken and grieving. Other than space exploration, NASA's advances in technology influence our day-to day living such as satellites that help observe the weather. Even though NASA is responsible for making the technology, society is the driving force behind NASA to improve and accomplish more. When NASA fails, society criticizes them which leads to NASA working harder to achieve success on their next mission. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"> Works Cited: "// Challenger // explosion." // American Government //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012. "Christa McAuliffe." // Newsmakers //. Detroit: Gale, 1985. // Gale Student Resources In Context //. Web. 14 Mar. 2012.

Evensen, Bruce J. "Challenger Disaster." // Dictionary of American History //. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 101-102. // Gale Student Resources In Context //. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"> 2012. <https://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gli/gli_oct2006/ gli_oct2006_c.pdf>. || Masci, D. (2003, May 23). NASA's future. //CQ Researcher//, //13//, 473-496. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/
 * < Horowitz, Scott. "Nations in Space." //Global Issues// 11: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar.

"Neil Armstrong." // Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.

Reed, Lisa M. "disasters in spaceflight." // Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.

"space exploration." // American Government //. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.
 * Great Man Criteria || ** 5=long-run ** || ** 4=wide-spread ** || ** 3=moderate ** || ** 2=short run ** || ** 1=little effect ** || ** 0=not at all ** ||
 * ** SIGNIFICANCE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT ** ||  || X ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ** ENDURANCE OF LEGACY ** ||  ||   || X ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ** EXTENT OF INFLUENCE ** ||  || X ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ** IMPACT ON DAILY LIFE ** ||  ||   ||   ||   || X ||   ||

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 21px; text-align: center;">Great Man Continuum

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Great --Event Making --Eventful -X-Social

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Men -Hero ---Hero --Determinism

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">**Holistic Rubric for all 3 Tasks**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">**A quality topic post for the 1980s assignment will** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: left;">
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Arrange Media to enhance and extend the significance of the topic to the 1980s decade.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Support the main idea in each paragraph with evidence from 3 different sources.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Select only signed sources from the LC databases.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Establish the credibility of the author the first time a source is referenced.
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Credit sources with internal citations, ( Author's Last Name).
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">List all 7 sources alphabetically in the Works Cited. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Format in MLA style.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Complete Great Man Continuum and Table.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Justify the placement of your topic on the continuum using the evidence from the 7 sources to support your analysis of the 4 criteria.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Answer the prompts for all 3 tasks and the research question thoughtfully and thoroughly. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">well done
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 14px;">Task Three Rubric **
 * Support the main idea in each paragraph with evidence from the 2 new expert opinion sources, as well as one of the credible sources used in Tasks One or Two. Each paragraph must cite 3 different sources--2 new, 1 old.
 * Select only signed sources from the LC databases--each source must have a credible author.
 * Establish the credibility of the author the first time a source is referenced.
 * Credit sources with internal citations and in a Works Cited
 * ** Complete Great Man Continuum and Table and justify your placement using the evidence of the 4 criteria **
 * Insert the two news sources in the Works Cited. Make sure all 7 sources are in alphabetical order.
 * Post the paragraphs to the wiki. Timely posting of completed tasks earn 10 points. Task One = 50 points.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Need Help Applying the Great Man Theory? ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">When deciding where a person may fit on the continuum, think about what society was like at the time he/she was famous. Did the person change history because of their personal characteristics, or would history have gone on in a similar way without this person? Civil Society Defined Great Man Continuum
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Refer to these handouts for additional information: **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">** eed Help Using the Great Man Criteria Table? ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">**Use a scale of 0-to 5 to evaluate the individual’s accomplishments, legacy, influence, and impact.** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">** 0=not at all, 1=little effect, 2=short run, 3=moderate, 4=wide-spread, 5=long run **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">Individuals with high totals, mostly 5’s, should be placed close to Great Men; those with low scores near social determinism.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 18px;">Need Help placing individuals on the Great Man Continuum? **